A Short Note On Speech Sign Semantic Equivalence Essay

ANALYSIS OF SPEECH-SIGN SEMANTIC EQUIVALENCE IN SIMULTANEAOUS COMMUNICATION IN KENYA By Adoyo Peter Oracha Department of special needs education, Maseno University, P.O Box 333, Maseno Kenya. 1.0 Introduction Effective communication between teacher and pupil is a requisite factor for educational attainment. For the deaf, ineffective communication is a major problem especially when onset of profound deafness takes places at an early age before language is acquired. At school, the language of classroom communication not only affects the child’s development but also influences ability to learn other curriculum contents. Pointing out reasons for failure by deaf children to compete favorably with their hearing peers, Johnson et al (1989) has indicated that the central problem on deaf education is embedded in the lack of an appropriate language of classroom communication. For a long time education for the deaf was conducted through the oral approach. It was later realized that this oral approach did not avail curriculum content to the deaf learners. In the 1980’s Total Communication arose as one of the solutions. According to Adoyo(2004), Total Communication was misunderstood for Simultaneous Communication, a communication system in which speech and sign are produced at the same time (Lane, HoffmisterBahan, 1996). Although SC has been used in Kenya for all these years, it has not produced the predicated large-scale improvement. In this study, an attempt was made toShow MoreRelatedTim Berners Lee s The World Wide Web3385 Words   |  14 Pagesonline readable and analyzable for machines as well. The Semantic Web will bring structure to the meaningful content of Web pages by using metadata and ontology, creating an environment where software agents can rapidly answer complex queries of users. (Berners-Lee et al. 2001) The source of this environment is already there: we have huge amount of data available online. 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Computer Information Systems Disadvantages Essay - 2075 Words

Computer Information Systems Disadvantages Can you believe it? Our country is broke. College funds are being cut everywhere and there are no jobs. The Computer Information Systems field is a very challenging career goal, because of the technology changes, the degree requirements, and the state budget cuts. With all of the rapid changes in technology, the Computer Information Systems field can be very demanding. Brier Dudley, a Seattle Times technology reporter, discusses the rapid changes of technology in one of his articles. Dudley states that Microsoft is trying to be more like faster-moving Internet companies, and Internet companies are trying to be more like Microsoft, turning their Web sites into places where people spend the day†¦show more content†¦Continuous education is necessary to keep up with the constant changes in our fast world of computer technology. The Computer Information Systems field is a very challenging career goal, because of the degree requirements. 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The arduous course requirements are what make the CIS AA degree a very perplexing career objective. The overwhelming number of technical courses required to get a degree in the Computer Information System field can be very discouraging.Show MoreRelatedWhat Are the Advantages and Disadvantages for Individuals and Society of the Reliance on Communicating Via Computers1004 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are the advantages and disadvantages for individuals and society of the reliance on communicating via computers? (Discussion Essay) Introduction: In today’s world, communication is one of the key elements that people across the world can connect with one another. The rise of the use of computer has been due to technological advancements such as the creation of email and websites such as Facebook and Twitter. 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Contingent Valuation of Ecotourism in Annapurna

Question: Discuss about the Contingent Valuation of Ecotourism in Annapurna. Answer: Introduction: Tourism involves the movement of an individual or individuals from one place to another for pleasure activities. Tourism is actually that leisure activity which you enjoy when you are away from work(Daconto and Sherpa 2010). Tourism therefore varies in terms of distance i.e. from local regional to the international level depending on the interest of each individual and the specified destination center. With the tourism sector growing in the job market there is need for the improvement in this sector as it also acts as the backbone of some other countries in the world, hence the need to major on the activity as its generates income quickly. In the case of Nepal and china the two countries offer tourism services to its tourists and the case study between the two countries has some differences(Deery and Jago 2009). Starting with the introduction of Nepal as a country we are able to see the vast services and sites offered to its tourist who will be able to help as in the comparison of th e two countries china and Nepal. In this paper, we will mainly at four aspects of tourism in both China and Nepal in terms of comparison; these aspects include: Differences in Tourism Industry Overview of the tourism industry Trends in tourism industry Factors that Influence tourism Overview of Tourism in China and Nepal Though being a poor nation Nepal strives to gain its recognition in the world through the offering of the tourism services that have helped the country to advance economically. Sites such as the Himalayas are a great tourist attraction site in the country as tourists travel far and wide to view this natural figure(Daconto Sherpa, 2010). The trekkers who walk in a touristic bubble are also appreciated in the tourism sectors as they include potters who through their artistic works make pots that are of interest to the visiting tourists. The trekkers walk long distances and are often display their culture and attire hence is a tourist attraction site in Nepal. In Nepal the khumbu are also connected to the development of the tourism sector in Nepal as they stand out to display their way of life i.e. their mixed farming methods, their involvement in the trekking tourism(Frey and George 2010). The creation of national parks in Nepal also goes a long way to appreciate tourism in Nepal as the endangered species are kept in secluded which provide ease of view tot the tourists. China in its bid to offer tourist services to its customers has gone far and wide to help improve its tourism sector. China therefore boasts of having a splendid cultural heritage delicate water towns, antique sites and also having various imperial palaces so as to carter for the accommodation of its tourists. The great attraction sites in china therefore include the Great Wall of China, the Forbidden City, and terracotta army, Yangtze River, Li River, Silk Road and many others. These major tourist attraction sites therefore depict the history of china. In china Xian is also one of the major ancient tourist attraction sites that tend to explain where the Chinese culture originated. A Yangtze River that is the longest in china also attracts tourists and being near the endless green mountains it provides a comparatively enjoyable atmosphere and good serene which is adequate and suites a leisure activity(Ghimire and Pimbert 2013). Landscapes that are formed around this river also act as tourist attraction sites in china Differences in Tourism between China and Nepal According to the second article, there exists a wide range of differences in the provision of the tourism service that greatly impact these two countries; Nepal and china. The differences range from the provision of better services, the natural resources available and also the hospitability in the particular countries in terms of their political stability. According to the third article, there are some trends that have been witnessed in both countries over the past recent years. Some of these trends include; Currency, technology, accommodation and communication. The article discusses them in detail as follows: According to currency china has a larger currency ratio compared to the currency used in Nepal. As tourist they come with their currency which when exchange dare of great value to the economy of china. Nepal therefore on the other hand needs to attract many tourists so as to compete the currency of china in the job market the currency got is therefore used to satisfy the needs of the nearby residents i.e. the provision of social amenities(Lee 2013). Nepal having a smaller population compared to china is therefore able to carter easily for its members and use the extra money to develop others sectors of the economy. Greater advancements in technology enable the country to market itself online. China is far way technologically developed that Nepal hence china with its resources uses them to market its major destination points online and also the services it offers to its tourists online. With technology adequate security is also given to both the wildlife and also the tourists as movements in each case are monitored at close range(Leiper 2008). This ensures the safety of both the wild and the tourists visiting china. In Nepal the technology cannot match that of china hence for them to acquire and attract most tourists it therefore needs to adapt to the technology used by the Chinese. The climate in Nepal at times is unsuitable hence the need to construct houses which are conducive to the tourists who come to visit Nepal. China through the use of technology controls the temperatures and provides conducive environments considering the climate around the area. This encourages the tourists, as the adverse climate changes wont affect them since it has been controlled. In china firms have been put in place and even tour guides to provide adequate transport that is cheap to its members as they view the wild in china. With the availability of fast and cheap transport a wide range of tourists can access a tourist site at particular time and this hives them time to view other sites and even reduces the stress of crowding at places. The ease in transport also enables them to view the wild at closer range and take pictures without being attacked(Peters, Frehse and Buhalis 2009). In Nepal some of the transport networks are poor and need improvement so that it attracts the tourists who come to visit the country. China has come up with devices that have enabled to ease communication as the device immediately converts the local language to foreign language or the foreign language to the local language. This has enabled ease transfer and decoding of data hence the understanding between the tourists and the tour guide(Yuan and Wu 2008). The exchange of the language has also brought understanding and exchange of culture among the foreigners and the locals. Nepal on the other hand strives to settle the issue of language barrier by the introduction of the international language systems which are introduces the foreign language to the locals at an early age though it takes a longer period hence slow to the hindrance of the development of the tourism sector(Zhong, Deng and Xiang 2008). This in turn gives china an upper hand making it able to relay information quickly and also serves their customers at their best interests. Factors that influence tourism in Nepal and China According to this article, there are some factors that usually influence the outcome of tourism in both countries as we shall see. The article has pointed out to us the different factors that mainly influence tourism in both countries. These factors include: According to the fourth article, China is densely populated than Nepal hence china receives money in the tourism sector from both the local and foreign currency as opposed to Nepal. The larger population therefore creates the gap between the two countries(Goodall and Ashworth 2013). With the large population Nepal on the other side is advantaged since most of its members are employed in the tourism sector. China which has a larger population finds it hard to employ the larger part of the countrys population into the tourism industry. With the larger population china faces the problem of educating its members the international languages so as to avoid the language barrier with many tourists flocking china. In terms of roads leading to major tourist attraction centers such as shanghai china the roads are well established which enable the smooth travel of the tourists to their destination sites. China also offers high quality services to its customers due to its technological advancements. This ensures that the tourists are secure and adequate accommodation is offered to the tourist(Karanth and DeFries 2011). Since Nepal showcases its tourism mainly using its culture and natural resources using features such as the Himalayas improving transport is quite challenging to quite places as compared to the features in china which are strategically located hence better transport need to be put in place so as to access such areas. According to the fourth article, Nepal is of rugged terrain as compared to china hence activities such as mountain climbing are of interest to the tourists hence we find a large number of tourists visiting Nepal for its environment. This in turn makes it popular and increases the amount of tourists who come to visit Nepal(Li, Wu and Cai 2008). China on the other hand has a sloppy terrain that provides a good scenery and even view for china. Its environment is favorable and also provides favorable weather to both its members and also the tourists who come to visit the area. According to the fourth article, the two countries vary in the terms of activities it offers as the tourists come to visit the particular country. In Nepal the tourist indulge in socializing with the trekkers and involve themselves in activities such as pottery and long distances walking. The tourists also learn the way of the trekkers i.e. the type of herds they keep. In china activities such as fishing and canoe racing are popular in the region. Fishing which acts as both an economic and recreational activity earns the country foreign exchange. The tourists also involve in the boat racing activities that are of fun to the tourists. The fourth article also tells us that both the Chinese and the Nepalese cultural beliefs are usually appreciated in different ways by the tourists. The Xian in china therefore has gained popularity over the years as it acts as a major historical event since it traces back to the ancient Chinese ways. Its believed to be the origin of the Chinese culture .in china the religion of the Buddha has gained also popularity. Its a religion that traces way back to the religious ways of the Chinese(Riley 2014). The historical shrines and monuments also act as a major historical site in china and has attracted tourists far and wide across the globe I the past years hence making the country to earn more foreign exchange. In Nepal the culture of trekking has been appreciated and many visit Nepal so ass to associate themselves with the people living in that particular area. Rituals performed by the Nepalese also are of greater interest to the people of Nepal as a larger amount of foreign exchange i s gained. According to the fourth article, with the comparison of china and Nepal, there is a greater difference in terms of growth in the tourism sector. This is due to the numbers of tourists who visit the countries annually. China therefore attracts a wide amount of tourists and has maintained their tourists by the antiques displayed the kind of services offered and mostly the hospitality of the people around them(Su 2011). The inventions of new and advanced security system in china enable them to control the game and also monitor their visitors. With such treatment the tourists are able to market the Chinese tourism and this helps the Chinese government be at good terms with the countries to which the visitors have originated. With time we see the slow and gradual improvement in the tourism sector in china. Nepal on the other hand has grown positively but not to the level of china. Nepal has also strived to create a good environment for their visitors but china is still way ahead in terms of development in the tourism sector(Tsai and Chen 2011). Nepal therefore needs to adopt the new advanced technology so as to enable it market itself and also improve its tourism sectors. Nepal fully depends on the tourism sector to mostly support its population. Nepal therefore needs to fetch a wider number of visitors so as to sustain and provide the social amenities for its large population. The need to maintain its visitors by use of the new advanced technology is therefore required so as not to reduce its income in the job market(Tsang and Hsu 2011). Nepal also needs to come up with more industries s as to support the tourism sector so that there is no decrease in the level of earnings. On the other hand china doesnt depend majorly on the tourism sector as it deal in machinery and the assembling industries to help the country sustain the larger population and also to provide the necessary social amenities to the members who are in need. When it comes to strength in tourism, the Chinese government has invested more so as to attract more tourists in the country by improving various infrastructures like railway and roads which facilitate the movement of tourists. On the other hand, Nepal boasts of having a rich cultural diversity, it has the 8 highest peaks in the world and lastly it is said to be the birthplace of Buddha which usually attracts many tourists around the world. China is facing so much competition from other developed countries in the tourism sector in terms of infrastructure and marketing. Nepal on the other hand as a country is not politically stable which instills some fears to the tourists who would like to visit the country. Hypothesis0: Both countries face stiff competition from other countries in terms of infrastructure and competition. Hypothesis 1: Both countries do not really face stiff competition from other countries. Conclusion Currently tourism is said to be the major driving force of the economic opportunities of the many developing countries around the world. This growth has presented a paradox to many countries. Tourism has given the different tourism companies a major role within the business community and also within the industry. Recent years have now made the major industry leaders, policymakers, and the development experts to formulate ways of advancing and enhancing the smooth operation of the tourism sector(Crotts, Mason and Davis 2009). Tourism around the world is also promoted by the United Nations Commission on Trade and Development to help the developing countries. The commission has put in place many different programs that promote sustainable tourism growth in different countries. References Baral, N., Stern, M.J. and Bhattarai, R., 2008. Contingent valuation of ecotourism in Annapurna conservation area, Nepal: Implications for sustainable park finance and local development. Ecological Economics, 66(2), pp.218-227. Crotts, J.C., Mason, P.R. and Davis, B., 2009. Measuring guest satisfaction and competitive position in the hospitality and tourism industry an application of stance-shift analysis to travel blog narratives. Journal of Travel Research, 48(2), pp.139-151. Daconto, G. and Sherpa, L.N., 2010. Applying scenario planning to park and tourism management in Sagarmatha National Park, Khumbu, Nepal. Mountain Research and Development, 30(2), pp.103-112. Deery, M. and Jago, L., 2009. A framework for work-life balance practices: Addressing the needs of the tourism industry. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 9(2), pp.97-108. Frey, N. and George, R., 2010. Responsible tourism management: The missing link between business owners' attitudes and behavior in the Cape Town tourism industry. Tourism management, 31(5), pp.621-628. Ghimire, K.B. and Pimbert, M.P., 2013. Social change and conservation (Vol. 16). Routledge. Goodall, B. and Ashworth, G. eds., 2013. Marketing in the Tourism Industry (RLE Tourism): The Promotion of Destination Regions. Routledge. Karanth, K.K. and DeFries, R., 2011. Nature?based tourism in Indian protected areas: New challenges for park management. Conservation Letters, 4(2), pp.137-149. Lee, T.H., 2013. Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development. Tourism Management, 34, pp.37-46. Leiper, N., 2008. Why the tourism industryis misleading as a generic expression: The case for the plural variation, tourism industries. Tourism Management, 29(2), pp.237-251. Li, M., Wu, B. and Cai, L., 2008. Tourism development of World Heritage Sites in China: A geographic perspective. Tourism Management, 29(2), pp.308-319. Peters, M., Frehse, J. and Buhalis, D., 2009. The importance of lifestyle entrepreneurship: A conceptual study of the tourism industry. Pasos, 7(2), pp.393-405. Riley, M., 2014. Human resource management in the hospitality and tourism industry. Routledge. Su, B., 2011. Rural tourism in China. Tourism Management, 32(6), pp.1438-1441. Tsai, C.H. and Chen, C.W., 2011. The establishment of a rapid natural disaster risk assessment model for the tourism industry. Tourism Management, 32(1), pp.158-171. Tsang, N.K. and Hsu, C.H., 2011. Thirty years of research on tourism and hospitality management in China: A review and analysis of journal publications. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(4), pp.886-896. Yuan, Y.H. and Wu, C.K., 2008. Relationships among experiential marketing, experiential value, and customer satisfaction. Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research, 32(3), pp.387-410. Zhong, L., Deng, J. and Xiang, B., 2008. Tourism development and the tourism area life-cycle model: A case study of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, China. Tourism Management, 29(5), pp.841-856.

George and Lennie in the novella Of Mice and Men Research Paper Example

George and Lennie in the novella Of Mice and Men Paper The novella, Of Mice and Men, written by John Steinbeck, is set in Californias Salinas Valley, Soledad during the Great Depression. Steinbeck illustrates the loneliness of ranch life in the early 1930s and highlights how people are driven to try and find friendship in order to escape from loneliness. Steinbeck deliberately uses the town Soledad, meaning loneliness to connect with the main theme of the novella; furthermore, George Milton is depicted many times playing the game of Solitaire, meaning alone. Of Mice and Men is filled with characters who are unable to escape from their lonely lives. In 1930s America, the itinerant farm workers of the Great Depression found it impossible to establish fixed homes, forcing them to wander from ranch to ranch seeking temporary employment and to live in bunk houses with strangers. Their nomadic lifestyle made it difficult to establish a friendship and this was the cause of their loneliness. George explains the misery of this situation at several points during his dialogues with Lennie Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on George and Lennie in the novella Of Mice and Men specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on George and Lennie in the novella Of Mice and Men specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on George and Lennie in the novella Of Mice and Men specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They got no family. They dont belong no place The opening scene of the novella appears to be an extremely peaceful and idyllic place as the Salinas river winds through an idyllic scene of yellow sands, golden foothills, and deer that come to the shore to drink at night, which immediately builds an image of a heavenly place, filled with beauty. The use of colour contributes to the beauty and Eden-like idyllic clearing and contributes to overall sense of perfection. The rich tone of the golden foothill slopes conveys an image of the setting as luxurious and mystical. Steinbeck portrays the river as green and deep which creates an immutable and idyllic serene; yet however, the repetition of the adjective deep implies that water is polluted or dirty, building an image of impending doom or danger. The permanent nature is threatened as the limbs of the sycamore are revealed to be in such a weak state, Steinbeck portraying not how strong nature is but how strong it used to be. The damp flat covered with night tracks of coons also reveals the imperfection of an immutable nature; furthermore, Steinbeck highlights a path beaten hard by boys coming down from the ranches to swim in the deep pool, and beaten hard by tramps who come wearily down from the highway; this metaphor evokes a sense of the harmony of nature spoilt by human interference. This also creates a setting and indicates how men who work on the ranch have had temporary, isolated and lonely lives. The details of the ashes left over from many camp fires and the tree bough worn smooth by so many people sitting on it over the years emphasize the number of people who come over to this spot. Steinbeck gradually introduces that nature is not all idyllic and perfect and this environment is portentous and ominous; he evokes a sense of nostalgia and sentimentality into the landscape. The idyllic peace of the initial scene is disrupted as the two main characters of the novel emerge from the woods. Steinbeck reveals that for a moment the place was lifeless before two men emerged from the path and came into the opening by the green pool. This is evocative because lifeless creates an ominous atmosphere. The rabbits scurry into the shrubs and a heron flies from the edge of the still pool before George and Lennie enter the clearing; this illuminates mans triumph over nature and man disturbing nature. The rabbits senses the presence of danger and hurries away, it is a movement from harmony to discord. There is a contrast between man and nature. Steinbeck also forebodes the death of Lennie by the simple act of predator eating prey. A water snake was at the pond in the beginning, but this time it is eaten. Moreover, a heron was flying away from the pond but now it stays to eat the first snake. It is a method used Steinbeck to foreshadow and illustrate the plot. The snake is predominantly regarded as malevolent and the heron as good which makes the event ironic. One could argue that the heron and water snake are used as metaphors and foreshadowing devices in the novella; Lennie is represented by the water snake and when Lennie scares away the second snake, perhaps he is replacing it. However, the killer will not be a heron, it will be another human George. In the opening section of the novella, Steinbeck wishes to portray the relationship between George and Lennie as leader and follower. Steinbeck highlights that they walked in single file down the narrow path and when they came into the open, one stayed behind the other; which immediately indicates that George is dominant in this comradeship, therefore Lennie is somewhat subordinate, dependent and incapable of looking after himself. This image illustrates that George acts as a parental figure and Lennie is similar to a shy child hiding behind a father. On entry, Steinbeck describes the two dichotomous characters. Instantaneously, George is identified as an itinerant migrant worker, because of the clothes he wears and possession he carries, for example: his hard wearing denim clothes; denim clothing was preferred clothing for farm labourers in America in the 1930s because it was resilient, robust and though suited for working. This is further emphasized by the fact that they are carrying tight blanket rolls which conveys the precarious lives of migrant workers. Steinbeck conveys to the reader that he is nomadic farm labourer seeking work as he is beating the hard-worn path taken by countless other migrant workers; Steinbeck portrays George as being observant and apprehensive due to his restless eyes and sharp strong features; which indicates that he is unable to relax because of the burden of his responsibilities. George has to look after the mentally retarded Lennie in order to keep him out of trouble and woe. George is symbolic of the everyman, a typical farm labourer and ordinary individual in 1930s America. On the other hand, Lennie is the complete opposite of George, a huge man, shapeless of face, with large, pale eyes with sloping shoulders; which indicates that he has the mental capacity of a child and the strength of a bulll and he is unable to control or even judge his own physical power. Steinbeck uses animal imagery as he predominantly compares Lennie with animals, dragging his feet a little the way a bear drags his paws emphasizes that he is a ponderous, powerful, imbecilic bear. Furthermore, dragging his paws like a bear depicts an image of a slow and overly large or obese man. Steinbeck also portrays Lennie snorting into water like a horse; Lennies actions are synonymous with an animal, unlike humans who cup their hands to drink water. This emphasizes that he will act upon an animal instinct nd his animal characteristics convey Lennies great strength that he is unaware of; this holds immense importance in the novel as it foreshadows the downfall of Lennie due to his powerful strength and animal instincts. George and Lennies dream plays an important role in the novella; their dream is to own a farm with lots of coloured rabbits and live off the fatta the lan. In this novella, dreams are one of the ways in which the characters combat the loneliness of their existence. For example: Curleys wifes dream is to become an actress in Hollywood. , Candy and Crookss dream is to join George and Lennies farm; none of the characters ever achieve their dreams. George and Lennies friendship keeps the dream alive, and Steinbeck uses other characters, such as Candy to cause the reader to believe that they might actually succeed in their goals; however, the dream is never fulfilled, as Lennies accident with Curleys wife destroys their unrealistic dream. By writing this, Steinbeck reinforces the significance and importance of the dream and Lennie to George. A method Steinbeck uses to present and develop the characters of George and Lennie is by the use of colloquial American dialect of the working man. George and Lennies colloquial dialect reveals to the reader that George and Lennie are poor and has a low hierarchy. The use of colloquial language helps the reader to engage with the characters and to have a better understanding of their feelings and ideas. Moreover, it reveals Lennies childish mentality to the reader as his language mimics that of a young child Another method Steinbeck uses to develop the characters is the cyclical structure. The novel opens with the description of a riverbed in rural California, a beautiful, wooded area at the base of golden foothill slopes. Steinbeck, then, introduces the two main characters, George and Lennie. At the end of the story, it ends with George and Lennie back where they started, by the river. The structure of this is a cycle; it goes back to the beginning. Steinbeck may have chosen to have a circular plot to show that no circle has an ending, in a way the plot is like a representation to show the dead end existence of the Great Depression. To A Mouse ,a poem written by Robert Burns in 1785, about a man who overturns the soil of a mouses nest in late autumn. In 1937, John Steinbecks novella Of Mice and Men was derived from Burns poem the best laid schemes omice an men/ Gang aft agley an lea e us nought but grief an pain for promisd joy. This line demonstrates us that instead of promised joy, people get shattered dreams, grief and pain; Robert Burns explains that no matter how best laid plans are, even the best of them can be ruined by a simple thing, for example; the mouses nest is easily destroyed and ruined by man. In the novella, George and Lennies American Dream is also easily shattered as everything goes wrong when Lennie accidentally kills Curleys wife. There are abundant similarities between the Burns poem and the novella, for example: mans dominion is the theme of both poem and novella. The line Im truly sorry mans dominion, has broken natures social union emphasizes that Robert Burns felt a great reverence towards animals, who do not have free will like humans do. He tries to explain that he could not help but having dominance over the mouse. In Steinbecks novella, Lennie also has dominance over animals, when he accidentally kills the mouse, the dog and Curleys wife because he has no control over his powerful physical strength. The message that Steinbeck wishes to convey to the reader about George and Lennie is a socialist theory and that everyone should have a role in society. In the novella, each different character represents a different group of people. George represents the everyman, as his lifestyle is simple and similar to other people in 1930s America. Lennie obviously represents the mentally handicapped who is not accepted in 1930s America. Moreover, Crooks is subject to discrimination; for instance, when he is forced to sleep in a separate room from the other labourers, his marginalized status becomes obvious. His plight epitomizes the ubiquitous segregation of color in 1930s America. While Candy represents what happens to everyone who gets old in 1930s American society. Steinbeck wishes to emphasize that everyone should have a role in society to prove the point to the reader that everyone is equal through unclouded eyes untampered by society.

Definition of Victorian

Definition of Victorian The adjective Victorian is used to described something from the period of the reign of Britain’s Queen Victoria. And, as Victoria was on the throne for more than 60 years, from 1837 to 1901, the term is also used to describe things from the 19th century in general. The word is used to describe a wide variety of items, such as Victorian authors or Victorian architecture or even Victorian clothing and fashion. But in its most common usage the word is used to describe social attitudes, implying an emphasis on moral rigidity, priggishness, and prudery. Queen Victoria herself was often perceived as being overly serious and possessing little or no sense of humor. This was due in part to her having been widowed at a relatively young age. The loss of her husband, Prince Albert, was devastating, and for the rest of her life she wore black mourning clothes. Surprising Victorian Attitudes The concept of the Victorian era as repressive is true to some extent, of course. Society at the time was much more formal. But many advances were made during Victorian times, especially in the fields of industry and technology. And a number of societal reforms also took place. One sign of great technological progress would be the enormous technology show held in London, the Great Exhibition of 1851. Queen Victorias husband, Prince Albert, organized it, and Queen Victoria herself visited the displays of new inventions in the Crystal Palace on numerous occasions. And social reformers were also a factor in Victorian life. Florence Nightingale became a British hero by introducing her reforms to the nursing profession. And the novelist Charles Dickens created plots highlighting problems in British society. Dickens had gotten disgusted with the plight of the working poor in Britain during the period of industrialization. And his classic holiday tale, A Christmas Carol, was written specifically as a protest against the treatment of workers by an increasingly greedy upper class. A Victorian Empire The Victorian Era was a peak time for the British Empire, and the concept of Victorians being repressive is more true in dealings internationally. For instance, a bloody uprising by native troops in India, the Sepoy Mutiny, was brutally put down. And in Britains closest colony in the 19th century, Ireland, periodic rebellions were put down. The British also fought in many other places, including two wars in Afghanistan. Despite troubles in many places, the British Empire held together during Victorias reign. And when she celebrated her 60th anniversary on the throne in 1897, troops from across the empire paraded during the massive celebrations in London. The Meaning of Victorian Perhaps the most precise definition of the word Victorian would restrict it purely to the years of the late 1830s to the beginning of the 20th century. But, as it was a period of so much happening, the word has taken on many connotations, which vary from the notion of repression in society to great progress in technology. And as the Victorian Era was profoundly interesting, perhaps that is inevitable.

Siege of Fort Ticonderoga in the American Revolution

Siege of Fort Ticonderoga in the American Revolution Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777) - Conflict Dates: The Siege of Fort Ticonderoga was fought July 2-6, 1777, during the American Revolution (1775-1783). Armies Commanders: Americans Major General Arthur St. Clairapprox. 3,000 men British Major General John Burgoyneapprox. 7,800 men Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777) - Background: In the spring of 1777, Major General John Burgoyne devised  a plan for achieving victory over  the Americans. Concluding  that New England was the seat of the rebellion, he suggested separating  the region from the other colonies by advancing down the Hudson River corridor while a second column, led by Colonel Barry St. Leger, moved east from Lake Ontario. Rendezvousing at Albany, the combined force  would drive down the Hudson, while  General William Howes army marched north from New York. Though the plan was approved by London, Howes role was never clearly defined and his seniority prevented Burgoyne from issuing him orders. Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777) - British Preparations: Prior to this, British forces under Sir Guy Carleton had attempted to capture Fort Ticonderoga.   Sailing south   on Lake Champlain in the fall of 1776, Carletons fleet was delayed by an American squadron led by Brigadier General Benedict Arnold at the Battle of Valcour Island.   Though Arnold was defeated, the lateness of the season prevented the British from exploiting their victory.   Arriving in Quebec the following spring, Burgoyne began assembling his army and making preparations for moving south.   Building a  force of around 7,000 regulars and 800 Native  Americans, he gave  command of his advance force to Brigadier General Simon Fraser while leadership of the right and left wings of the army went to Major General William  Phillips and Baron Riedesel.   After reviewing his command at Fort Saint-Jean in  mid-June, Burgoyne took to the lake to begin his campaign.   Occupying Crown Point on June  30, his army was effectively screened by Frasers men and the Native Americans. Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777) -American Response: Following their capture of Fort Ticonderoga in May 1775, American forces had spent two years improving its defenses.   These included extensive  earthworks across the lake on the Mount Independence peninsula as well as redoubts and  forts on the site of the old French defenses to the  west.   Additionally,  American  forces built a fort atop nearby Mount Hope.   To the southwest, the height of Sugar Loaf (Mount Defiance), which dominated both Fort Ticonderoga and Mount  Independence, was left undefended as it was not believed that artillery could be pulled to the summit.   This point had been challenged by Arnold and Brigadier General Anthony Wayne during earlier stints in the area, but no action was taken.   Through the early part of 1777, American  leadership in the region  had been in flux as Major Generals Philip Schuyler and Horatio Gates  lobbied for command of the Northern Department.   As this debate continued, oversight  at Fort Ticonderoga fell to Major General Arthur St. Clair.   A veteran of the failed invasion of Canada as well as the victories at Trenton and Princeton, St. Clair possessed around 2,500-3,000 men.   Meeting with Schuyler on June 20, the two men concluded that this force was not sufficient to hold  the Ticonderoga defenses against a determined British attack.   As such, they devised two lines of retreat with one  passing south through Skenesboro and the other heading east toward Hubbardton.  Ã‚   Departing, Schuyler told his subordinate to defend the post for as long as possible before retreating.  Ã‚     Ã‚   Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777) - Burgoyne Arrives: Moving south on July 2, Burgoyne advanced Fraser and Phillips down the west shore of the lake while Riedesels  Hessians pressed along the east bank with the goal of attacking Mount Independence and cutting the road to Hubbardton.   Sensing danger, St. Clair  withdrew the garrison from  Mount Hope later that morning due to concerns that it  would be isolated and overwhelmed.   Later in the day, British and Native American forces began skirmishing with the Americans in the old  French lines.   In the course of the fighting, a British soldier was captured and St. Clair was  able to learn more about the size of Burgoynes army.   Recognizing the importance of Sugar Loaf,  British engineers ascended the  heights and covertly began clearing space for an artillery emplacement (Map). Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777) - A Difficult Choice: The next morning, Frasers men occupied  Mount Hope while other British forces began dragging guns up Sugar Loaf.  Ã‚  Continuing to work in secret, Burgoyne  hoped to have Riedesel in place on the  Hubbardton Road before the Americans discovered the guns on the heights.   On the evening of July 4, Native American campfires on Sugar Loaf alerted St. Clair to the impending  danger.   With the American defenses exposed to the British guns, he called  a council of war  early on July 5.   Meeting with his commanders, St. Clair made the decision to  abandon the fort and retreat after dark.   As Fort Ticonderoga was a politically important post, he recognized that the withdrawal would badly  damage his reputation but he felt that saving his army  took precedence.   Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777) - St. ClairRetreats: Gathering a fleet of over 200 boats, St. Clair directed that as many supplies as possible be embarked and sent south to Skenesboro.  Ã‚  While the boats  were escorted south by Colonel Pierse Longs New Hampshire Regiment, St. Clair and the remaining men crossed to Mount Independence before marching down the Hubbardton Road.   Probing the American lines the next morning, Burgoynes troops found them deserted.   Pushing forward, they occupied Fort Ticonderoga and the surrounding works without firing a shot.   Shortly thereafter, Fraser received permission to mount a pursuit of the retreating Americans with Riedesel in support. Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777) - Aftermath: In the Siege of Fort Ticonderoga, St. Clair suffered seven killed and eleven wounded while Burgoyne incurred five killed.   Frasers pursuit resulted in the Battle of Hubbardton on July 7.   Though a British victory, it saw the American rearguard inflict higher casualties as well as accomplish  their mission of covering St. Clairs retreat.   Turning  west, St. Clairs men later rendezvoused with Schuyler at Fort Edward.   As  he predicted,  St. Clairs abandonment of Fort Ticonderoga led to his removal  from  command and contributed to Schuyler being replaced by Gates.  Ã‚  Firmly arguing that his actions had been honorable and were justified, he demanded a court of inquiry which was held in September 1778.   Though exonerated, St. Clair did not receive another field command during the war.   Advancing south after his success at Fort Ticonderoga, Burgoyne was hampered by  difficult  terrain and American efforts to slow his march.   As the campaign season wore on, his plans began  to unravel following a defeat at Bennington and St. Legers failure at the Siege of Fort  Stanwix.   Increasingly  isolated, Burgoyne was forced to surrender his army after being beaten at the Battle of Saratoga that fall.   The American victory proved a turning point in the war and led to the Treaty of Alliance with France. Selected Sources: British Battles: Siege of Fort TiconderogaFort TiconderogaHistory Central: Battle of Fort Ticonderoga

Project Postmortem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Project Postmortem - Essay Example The training session’s goals were effectively completed as per the two day schedule. At the end of the session all the participant had acquired the expected skills and proved to be competitive in their work execution. During the session however, there were some changes that occurred to the schedule in that we had to stop the training session for six ours due to the delay in arrival of some training equipment. We however solved this loss of time by extending the training sessions by some few hours into the night. The two day training session was of high quality as can be seen by the massive improvement in the performance of the trained employees. This has been seen by the large volume of the company’s products that are being produced every day. The number of errors and unintended mistakes by the employees have been greatly reduced. We there recommend for frequent similar training sessions to improve on the productivity of this company (Jackie L,